In the hectic city of Technopolis, there was a startup named Tekno Paramount Pvt Ltd. This organization was the cornerstone for many small and medium-sized businesses, ensuring that their digital operations operate smoothly and effectively. However, as Tekno Paramount has experienced growth, so has their need for reliable and secure data storage. Isn’t it?
One day, the CEO of Tekno Paramount, Mr Saket, found himself facing a complex challenge. Their data storage requirements were growing their current infrastructure, leading to frequent downtimes and data retrieval concerns. Passionate and determined to find a solution, he planned to embark on a journey to uncover the mysteries of the data center.
Mr. Saket visited Kennies Star India Pvt Ltd, a spacious data center known for its top-notch security and unmatched reliability. Once entered, he was greeted by the Sales Executive at Kennies, Gaurav Singh, who guided and provided crucial information about data centers and tiers classification systems.
Mr. Gaurav added that not all data centers are created equal. They are classified into different tiers, each representing a level of reliability, redundancy, and performance. These tiers, ranging from 1 to 5, facilitate businesses in deciding the best type of data center for their specific needs. After getting all this crucial information and analysis, Mr. Saket decides to house his critical servers and data with Kennies.
Thus, no matter the size of your business. If you need to house your crucial data and elevate your online business to the next level, it’s the right time to understand data center tiers and how they impact performance and availability. So, without further ado, let’s get started.
What is a Data Center?
The term data center generally refers to a facility that centralizes an organization’s IT operations and equipment for the purposes of storing and processing data and applications. It is necessary for the continuity of daily operations and is integral to the functioning of modern businesses. Data centers house different components, including servers, storage systems, network infrastructure, and security devices. The main objective of a data center is to offer reliable access to data and applications, ensuring that businesses can run without any interruption. This ultimate reliability is achieved through a combination of power management, environmental controls, and security measures.
Data centers are designed to maintain optimal temperature and humidity levels to ensure the proper functioning of the equipment. Redundant power sources, including backup generators and UPS, are used to safeguard against power failures. In addition to physical security measures, data centers utilize advanced cybersecurity protocols to secure data from unauthorized access and cyber threats. Firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and encryption techniques are commonly used to protect the data within the facility.
From compact server rooms to vast, sprawling complexes, data centers come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Enterprise data centers are owned and run by the businesses that utilize them, whereas colocation and cloud data centers are run by outside companies that provide data center services. Various elements, including control requirements, scalability, and cost, influence the decision to implement these solutions.
Understanding Data Center Tiers
Data centers have been developed to accommodate virtualized environments since the introduction of cloud computing, making it possible to distribute resources and services over the Internet. Businesses may now scale their IT resources dynamically, offering more efficiency and flexibility to this change.
Data center tiers are basically the uptime institute classification system of data center performance. Created around 20 years back, there are four data center tiers that are the established standards in categorizing the performance level of a data center. Data center tiers are a great way to communicate a number of details about data center facilities quickly. Let’s understand the classification of data center tiers.
Data Center Tiers
What would you expect from a Tier 3 data center? How does it differ from what is needed in a Tier 1 data center or a Tier 4? Data center tier standards create a sense of consistency of what can be expected from a data center’s capabilities and level of service based on which tier requirements it tailors. For a long period of time, there have been four different tiers in the ranking system, though Tier 5 is still emerging with newer, stronger requirements,
which we will cover later. Let’s learn about all the Tiers of Data Center.
| Feature | Tier 1 | Tier 2 | Tier 3 | Tier 4 | Tier 5 |
| Infrastructure | Single path for power and cooling distribution | Single path, some redundant components | Multiple power and cooling paths (one active) | Multiple active power and cooling paths | Tier 4 features plus advanced monitoring, automation, and geographic redundancy |
| Redundancy | None | Partial | N+1 redundancy | 2N redundancy | 2N+ redundancy, advanced systems |
| Uptime | 99.671% (28 -29 hours/year) | 99.741% (22 hours/year) | 99.982% (1.6 hours/year) | 99.995% (26.3 minutes/year) | Near 100% (few seconds/year) |
| Reliability | Basic | Moderate | High | Very High | Ultimate |
| Cost | Lowest | Higher than Tier 1 | Higher than Tier 2 | Significantly higher than Tier 3 | Highest among all tiers |
Tier 1: Tier 1 data centers rank lowest because of their lack of redundancy and frequent downtime. A Tier 1 system is considered basic because it does not guarantee a high level of uptime, typically around 99.671%. This occurs because there is often little or no backup included in the system, specifically with only one route for power and cooling equipment, resulting in potential downtime of 28-29 hours annually. These are usually the most economical options for small businesses that may not require all the additional features of the higher levels.
Tier 2: The following level of data centers offers a slightly increased uptime: 99.741%. Put differently, there is a maximum of 22 hours of downtime annually. This is because, although these data centers still use the single path model for power and cooling like Tier 1 data centers, they also have redundant components like backup cooling systems, backup generators, etc.
Tier 3: Bigger corporations typically favor Tier 3 data centers, which boast uptimes of approximately 99.982% (equivalent to no more than 1.6 hours of downtime yearly). The higher uptimes are a result of advanced redundancy and infrastructure, such as having several power and cooling distribution paths in case of failure. In these data centers, all IT equipment is equipped with more than one power source, and there are established procedures that enable maintenance and repairs to be carried out without disrupting the system.
Tier 4: A Tier 4 data center goes above and beyond the criteria set for the previous three tiers with its completely redundant infrastructure. These data centers, which large corporations favor, not only offer 99.995% uptime annually (equivalent to less than 0.5 hours of downtime per year) but also come equipped with a minimum of 96 hours of power outage protection.
Tier 5: Tier 5 is a recent standard in data center demands. Tier 5 data centers have to adhere to the same guidelines as Tier 4 facilities, as well as a few extra requirements. For instance, they need to function continuously without water, detect outdoor air pollutants and trigger protective actions, monitor stored energy systems consistently, secure server racks, and so on. In addition, Tier 5 data centers must operate using renewable power projects from the local area.
Conclusion
The evolution of data center tiers from Tier to Tier 5 describes the evolving demands for reliability, efficiency, and security in today’s digital landscape. Each tier offers different levels of redundancy, uptime and cost, enabling businesses to consider the right infrastructure based on their unique needs and budgets. Whether it’s a small business opting for the general capabilities of Tier 1 or a large enterprise requiring the fault tolerance of Tier 4 or Tier 5, understanding these tiers is crucial for making informed decisions. Thus, by evaluating their data center choices with their operation requirements, businesses can ensure seamless performance, reduce downtime, and conquer optimal value from their IT investments.